A comprehensive 3D CT based classification of intertrochanteric fracture

IntroductionDespite advancements in surgical techniques complications like implant failure is very common after the fixation of intertrochanteric fractures. Classifying these complex fractures based on plain radiographs underestimates the complexity of these fractures which in turn leads to complications. We propose a comprehensive classification of the intertrochanteric fractures based on 3D Non Contrast Computed Tomography (3D NCCT) scan.Material and methodsA total of 102 patients (51 males and 51 females) with intertrochanteric fractures were included in this study conducted over a time period of 22 months in a Tertiary care center in North India. NCCT proximal femur of the intertrochanteric fracture patients was done to formulate a new CT classification system and classify all fractures. Intra and inter-observer reliability was tested using kappa variance.ResultsNew classification system was proposed which included 3 main and a total of 6 groups. All the fractures were classifiable into the new system. Kappa variance of the study showed a good intra and interobserver reliability (0.95 and 0.90) proving clinical agreement of the classification.ConclusionThis new 3D-CT based classification has the advantages of being easy, comprehensible with high intra and inter-observer reliability. This 3DCT based classification can prove to be useful to detect occult intertrochanteric fractures undetectable in plain radiographs as well as choosing the optimum treatment plan.     

下颈椎可屈性与寰枢关节Magerl固定术的可行性分析

目的:探讨下颈椎的屈曲程度与后路经寰枢关节螺钉固定术的可能性。方法:回顾已施行经寰枢关节螺钉固定术病例的术前颈椎过屈位X线像,测量C2～C7间的角度,复习手术经过,分析可完成螺钉固定的颈椎曲度及其它相关因素。结果:在已完成后路经寰枢关节螺钉固定术的75例患者中有58例屈颈侧位X线像显示下颈椎呈后凸状态,后凸角平均为17.25°;另17例屈颈侧位片见下颈椎呈前凸状态,但这些病例都是体形瘦长者。结论:后路经寰枢关节螺钉固定术仅适合于下颈椎可以很好屈曲及体形瘦长的病例。     

重组人骨形态发生蛋白7的腺相关病毒载体的构建

目的构建重组人骨形态发生蛋白7(hBMP7)的腺相关病毒(AAV)载体。方法通过RT-PCR方法,从HEK293细胞中扩增hBMP7全长cDNA并亚克隆入通用型AAV载体质粒pSNAV。将pSNAV-hBMP7质粒DNA转染BHK-21细胞,筛选出携带hBMP7的AAV载体细胞株—BHK-21细胞。用能表达Rap和Cap的重组1型单纯疱疹病毒HSV1-rc/ΔUL2按MOI=0·1感染BHK-21载体细胞株后收获病毒液,通过氯仿—PEG/NaCl沉淀—氯仿抽提纯化病毒。结果所克隆的hBMP7全长cDNA经测序证实和已知hBMP7序列完全一致。通过用能表达Rap和Cap的重组1型单纯疱疹病毒HSV1-rc/ΔUL2感染携带hBMP7基因的AAV载体细胞株BHK-21细胞的方法获得了滴度为2×1012vg/ml、纯度达99%的重组人骨形态发生蛋白7的腺相关病毒载体(AAV-hBMP7)。结论RT-PCR方法从HEK293细胞中扩增克隆hBMP全长cDNA是一种有效可行的方法。成功地构建了高滴度、高纯度的AAV-hBMP7载体,为进一步体内及体外研究基因治疗促进骨愈合提供了有力的工具。     

Polyostotic fibrous dysplasia involving the thoracic spine with myelopathy: case report and review of the literature

Background contextPolyostotic fibrous dysplasia (PFD) seldom involves the thoracic spine and usually presents with back pain.PurposeTo describe an extremely rare presentation of an uncommon disease.Study design/settingWe present a case report from a university hospital.MethodsWe report a case of symptomatic thoracic PFD associated with myelopathy and pathologic fracture. A thorough search of PubMed/MEDLINE was performed for the terms “polyostotic fibrous dysplasia,” “spine,” and “neurological deficit.”ResultsThe patient was treated by posterior laminectomy, vertebroplasty, and pedicle screw fixation and fusion. Satisfactory results were achieved, and there were no complications.ConclusionsIn the spine, PFD may lead to pathologic fracture and myelopathy even after adolescence. Vertebroplasty with or without decompression and fixation may be the appropriate option for cases with myelopathy.     

Association of serum levels and receptor genes BsmI,TaqI and FokI polymorphisms of vitamin D with the severity of multiple sclerosis

PurposeMultiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory and neurodegenerative disease. Vitamin D has a major role in preventing inflammatory disorders. Therefore, any alteration in vitamin D receptor (VDR) might be a genetic risk factor for MS development. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of serum levels and VDR FokI, BsmI, and TaqI gene polymorphisms on the severity of MS.MethodsThis case-control study recruited 160 MS patients (71.9% females, mean age of 34.3 ± 8.3 years) and 162 (66.7% females, mean age 35.4 ± 7.9 year) age, sex, and ethnicity matched healthy controls. FokI (rs2228570), BsmI (rs1544410), and TaqI (rs731236) polymorphisms were carried out using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method. Demographic, clinical parameters, and the levels of vitamin D were compared between groups.ResultsWe found that the frequency of FokI and TaqI polymorphisms significantly differed between the patients and the controls (p = 0.0127 and p = 0.0236, respectively). The MS patients had low levels of vitamin D compared to the controls (p = 0.011). In addition, TaqI T/C polymorphism significantly decreased the levels of vitamin D in the MS patients (p = 0.002). However, there was no significant association between FokI or BsmI SNPs and the levels of vitamin D in MS patients (p > 0.5).ConclusionOur results suggest that FokI and TaqI polymorphisms of VDR are associated with MS risk and TaqI polymorphism is associated with Vitamin D levels in MS patients. Meanwhile, no difference was observed between VDR gene polymorphisms and any types of MS.     

脊髓型颈椎病患者术后神经功能与生活质量的变化及其之间的相关性分析

目的:分析脊髓型颈椎病(cervical spondylotic myelopathy,CSM)患者术后生活质量的康复规律及其与神经功能康复的相关性。方法:收集北京大学第三医院骨科2008年2月~2013年5月收治的280例诊断为CSM并接受手术治疗患者的资料。术前使用改良JOA评分(mJOA评分)评价患者的神经功能,使用SF-36评价患者的生活质量,在术后3个月、1年和末次随访时使用上述两项评价方法对患者进行连续性随访。采用Wilcoxon rank-sum检验探讨患者神经功能及生活质量的变化规律,采用Spearman相关检验探讨生活质量与神经功能康复的相关性,采用受试者工作特征(receiver operating characteristic,ROC)曲线评价mJOA评分的变化值、mJOA评分的改善率、SF-36的生理维度(PCS)及心理维度(MCS)四项指标对于患者主观评价健康变化(health transition item,HTI)的判断价值,使用ROC曲线下面积(area under the curve,AUC)评价ROC曲线的准确性,同时用Spearman相关检验进一步探讨四个指标对于HTI的敏感性及可靠性。结果:随访50.5±10.3个月(24~84个月)。术后3个月、1年和末次随访时的神经功能改善率分别为(45.0±42.4)%、(64.4±31.6)%和(66.8±36.9)%。在SF-36的各个维度上,患者手术前的评分均较正常人群有不同程度的下降(P0.05);术后3个月时,除了总体健康(GH)和社会功能(SF)两项外,其他各维度均有显著改善(P0.05);术后1年以及末次随访时,SF-36的8个维度均有显著改善(P0.05)。术后3个月时,只有PCS有显著改善(P=0.000),而MCS则较术前无明显变化(P=0.103);术后1年及末次随访时PCS及MCS均有显著改善(P0.05)。术后3个月、1年和末次随访时的HTI分别为2.27±1.06、1.84±0.90和1.84±0.88。在术后3个月时,只有PCS改善与神经功能改善显著相关(P0.05);术后1年与末次随访时,PCS及MCS的改善均与神经功能改善相关(P0.05)。术后3个月时SF-36的PCS对于HTI的判别价值最高(AUC=0.97,相关系数=-0.81);术后1年时为mJOA评分改善率(AUC=0.93,相关系数=-0.82);末次随访时SF-36的MCS与HTI的相关性最高(相关系数=-0.67),而mJOA评分改善率与HTI的AUC最大(AUC=0.95)。结论:CSM患者术后神经功能和生活质量显著改善;神经功能改善早期只与PCS相关,中期则与PCS和MCS两个方面相关;随着CSM患者术后随访时间的变化,判别患者主观评价最有效的指标是不同的。     

ProDisc–C versus anterior cervical discectomy and fusion for the surgical treatment of symptomatic cervical disc disease: two-year outcomes of Asian prospective randomized controlled multicentre study

European Spine Journal - Our study aimed to evaluate non-inferiority of ProDisc-C to anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) in terms of clinical outcomes and incidence of adjacent segment...     

Morphological and clinical feasibility of C3 pedicle screw instrumentation in patients with congenital C2–3 fusion

Purpose

Congenital C2–3 fusion (C2–3CF) is often involved in patients with atlantoaxial dislocation, and posterior occipitocervical fixation surgery is usually required. Hypoplasia of C2 pedicle is common in such patients, making C2 pedicle screws (PS) instrumentation inapplicable. Because of congenital fusion, C3PS instrumentation would be an ideal alternative for it will not sacrifice an additional motion segment; however, the morphological and clinical feasibility has not been previously reported.

Methods

We included 42 C2–3CF patients to this study and evaluated pedicle trajectories of C2 and C3 using a three-dimensional CT. Clinical applications of C3PS instrumentation were evaluated and followed.

Results

Among the 42 patients, 23 (54.8 %) and 8 (19.0 %) had C2 and C3 pedicle trajectory diameters <4.0 mm, respectively. The bisection line of the fused C2–3 lamina was used to represent the superior border of C3 articular mass; the entry point of C3 pedicle was located at 3 mm inferior to the assumed superior border and 3.2 mm medial to the lateral border. Bilateral C3PS instrumentations were successfully adopted in 22 patients. No spinal cord or vertebral artery injury occurred; postoperative CT showed a trajectory breach rate of 17.4 % for C3PS. After mean of 3.6-year follow-up, no implant failure was documented.

Conclusions

C3PS instrumentation is morphologically and clinically feasible for a large proportion of patients with C2–3CF and can serve as another reliable alternative for C2PS instrumentation. Preoperative evaluation of pedicle trajectory of C2–3CF with three-dimensional CT is highly valuable in the choice of proper fixation methods.